What vaginal changes are associated with menopause?

During menopause, a significant decrease in estrogen levels occurs, which leads to various physiological changes in the vaginal tissues. The correct choice highlights that thinning of vaginal walls and a loss of elasticity are key transformations associated with this hormonal change.

As estrogen helps maintain the thickness and elasticity of vaginal tissues, a decline in this hormone results in a thinner, less elastic vaginal lining. This can contribute to symptoms such as dryness, irritation, and discomfort during intercourse, which many women experience during and after the menopausal transition.

The other aspects of vaginal health—such as increased rugae and elasticity, thickening of the vaginal walls, and retention of moisture and lubrication—are opposite of what occurs during menopause. Thus, it is essential to understand that the correct answer reflects the physiological reality associated with this stage of life, helping healthcare professionals provide informed care and support to those experiencing menopausal symptoms.