What strains of HPV are considered high risk?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is commonly classified into low-risk and high-risk strains based on their association with cancer development, particularly cervical cancer. The high-risk strains are known for their capacity to lead to cellular changes that may culminate in malignancies, especially if persistent infections occur.

Strains 16 and 18 are widely recognized as the most significant high-risk types of HPV, as they are responsible for the majority of HPV-related cervical cancers. Approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases are attributed to these two strains. Their oncogenic potential stems from their ability to interfere with the host's cellular mechanisms, promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation.

While other strains, such as 31, 33, 45, and 52, are indeed considered high-risk, they do not have the same level of prevalence or association with cervical cancer as strains 16 and 18. Low-risk strains like 6 and 11, on the other hand, are primarily associated with benign conditions like genital warts and do not typically lead to cancer.

Understanding the classification of HPV strains is critical for screening and vaccination efforts as well as for informing patients about their risks regarding HPV-related diseases.