What is required for the diagnosis of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)?

The diagnosis of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) requires the presence of menstrual disturbances, commonly characterized by irregular or absent periods, along with elevated levels of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH). The elevated FSH levels indicate reduced ovarian function, as FSH is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and typically rises when the ovaries are not responding adequately to hormonal signals. In POI, the ovarian follicles are unable to mature properly, leading to decreased estrogen production, which subsequently disrupts the normal menstrual cycle.

Additionally, the elevated LH levels may be seen in conjunction with elevated FSH; however, the primary marker for diagnosing POI is the FSH level. While low estradiol or low progesterone levels can be indicators of menstrual disturbances, they are not definitive for diagnosing POI on their own. The key factor in establishing this diagnosis remains the combination of menstrual irregularities and the presence of elevated FSH, solidifying the understanding of ovarian insufficiency.