What is one potential benefit of HRT during early menopause based on observational studies regarding Alzheimer's disease?

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) during early menopause has been studied for its potential effects on cognitive health, particularly concerning Alzheimer's disease (AD). Observational studies suggest that HRT may reduce the risk of developing dementia, which includes Alzheimer's disease. This is believed to occur because estrogen has neuroprotective properties and may help maintain cognitive function.

Research indicates that starting HRT around the onset of menopause may provide benefits in brain health, as estrogen positively influences neurotransmitter systems and may support neural connectivity. However, it is crucial to understand that while HRT has been associated with a decreased risk of dementia in some studies, it does not guarantee that dementia will be prevented for every individual, nor does it completely eliminate the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the nuanced understanding of HRT is that it could potentially lower the risk, rather than promise absolute cognitive superiority or certainty regarding disease development.