What is one physiological role of estrogen in women's health?

One important physiological role of estrogen in women's health is regulating the menstrual cycle. Estrogen is a key hormone involved in the reproductive system and is primarily produced in the ovaries. During the menstrual cycle, estrogen levels vary, contributing to the thickening of the endometrial lining in preparation for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. This hormone also works in conjunction with other hormones, such as progesterone, to help control the timing and frequency of ovulation, further regulating the menstrual cycle.

In addition to its role in the menstrual cycle, estrogen also has various other functions in maintaining overall health, including effects on bone density, cardiovascular health, and mood stabilization. However, in the context of the question, the regulation of the menstrual cycle is a direct and critical function of estrogen that underscores its importance to women's reproductive health.