How does menopause influence cardiovascular risk factors?

Menopause is associated with significant hormonal changes, particularly a decrease in estrogen levels, which can have a profound impact on cardiovascular health. One of the key effects of menopause is the alteration in lipid profiles. Specifically, menopausal women often experience increased levels of triglycerides and a rise in LDL cholesterol, also known as "bad" cholesterol. This change raises the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Estrogen has protective cardiovascular effects, including favorable influences on lipid metabolism, endothelial function, and inflammatory markers. When estrogen levels decline during menopause, these protective effects diminish. This can lead to a more atherogenic lipid profile characterized by higher triglycerides and lower levels of HDL or "good" cholesterol, further compounding cardiovascular risk.

This understanding is crucial for healthcare providers who are managing health risks in menopausal women, guiding decisions for lifestyle interventions or therapies aimed at mitigating these risks.